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I used ‘unscientific’ because it would be a pain in the arse for someone else to reproduce, it only applies to one instance, it’s a test on someone else’s in-production system that you have no control over, and the error that returns isn’t necessarily from the backend. It looks more like a Form Validation error (i.e. from the frontend). It’s perfectly possible to create a frontend that puts it’s own limits on username length, and there’s some that no doubt already exist, so a brute-force test of those limits isn’t telling you anything reliable about what Lemmy’s internal limits are.
TootSweet’s link was to a migration. A migration is used to upgrade a database’s schema - changing the limit on username length from whatever it was, to 255. As it happens, it’s still 255 now, but an upgrade from 3 years ago isn’t a good source for that, because as they themselves said, there could very well have been been upgrades since, that further changed the limit.